Fig. 5: Wave–particle interaction mechanism.
From: Effect of energetic ions on edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas
Power transfer (Ph) for the hybrid simulation with NBI energy Ebirth = 60 keV at t = 0.16 ms, when En=8 is largest in the hybrid multi-n simulation. The dashed white and green lines denote the resonance conditions with \(n=10\left[p=\left(-9,-13\right)\right]\) and \(n=8\left[p=\left(-7,-10\right)\right]\), respectively, for μ = 1.6 × 10−15 J T−1 (μ is the magnetic moment of the particles). The black contours represent the fast-ion distribution. E and Pϕ denote the particle energy and toroidal canonical momentum coordinates, respectively.
