PostgreSQL Tutorial

In this PostgreSQL tutorial you’ll learn the basic data types(Boolean, char, text, time, int etc.), Querying and Filtering techniques like select, where, in, order by, etc. managing and modifying the tables in PostgreSQL. We’ll cover all the basic to advance concepts of PostgreSQL in this tutorial. So if you are beginner who start to learn RDBMS or an expert who want to upscale you PostgreSQL skills, then keep reading this free PostgreSQL tutorial.

PostgreSQL is one of the most advanced Relational database management systems (RDBMS). It is open-source software, which means the source code is available under the PostgreSQL license. Anyone with the right skills is free to use, modify, and distribute PostgreSQL in any form. It supports both relational as well as Non-Relational JSON Queries.

What is PostgreSQL?

PostgreSQL is an advanced and open-source relational database management system and is used as a database for many web applications, mobile and analytics applications. It supports both SQL (relational) and JSON (non-relational) querying and It is a stable database supported by more than 20 years of development by the open-source community.

What is the Use of PostgreSQL?

As you know that PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source relational database management system. It’s used Which is mostly use for storing, organizing, and retrieving data. Other then this things it is also widely used for:

• Data Storage: It stores data in an organized way using tables, making it easy to manage large amounts of information.
• Complex Queries: PostgreSQL supports complex queries, allowing you to fetch specific data using SQL (Structured Query Language).
• ACID Compliance: It ensures reliable transactions with ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) compliance, meaning your data remains accurate and secure.
• Scalability: Suitable for both small and large applications, PostgreSQL can handle a large number of users and large datasets.
• Extensibility: You can add custom functions, data types, and extensions, making PostgreSQL highly flexible and adaptable to various needs.
• Support for Advanced Data Types: It supports advanced data types like JSON, XML, and arrays, allowing for diverse data storage and manipulation.

PostgreSQL Tutorial For Beginners

In this begineer section, you’ll learn the basics, from installing PostgreSQL to creating your first database and running simple queries. We’ll guide you step-by-step through setting up tables, inserting data, and retrieving information using SQL commands.

PostgreSQL Basics

Explore all the basics topics that every one know while learning the PostgreSQL, Here in this section you will learn introduction of PostgreSQL, how to install PostgreSQL on various OS and other PostgreSQL basics.

• PostgreSQL – Introduction
• Install PostgreSQL on Windows
• Install PostgreSQL on Mac
• PostgreSQL – Loading a Database
• PostgreSQL – Create Database
• PostgreSQL – ALTER DATABASE
• PostgreSQL – DROP DATABASE
• PostgreSQL – Rename Database
• PostgreSQL – Copy Database
• PostgreSQL – Size of a Database
• PostgreSQL – Show Databases

Data Types

• PostgreSQL – Data Types
• PostgreSQL – Boolean Data Type
• PostgreSQL – CHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL – VARCHAR Data Type
• PostgreSQL – TEXT Data Type
• PostgreSQL – NUMERIC Data Type
• PostgreSQL – SMALLINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL – INTEGER Data Type
• PostgreSQL – BIGINT Integer Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Date Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Timestamp Data Type.
• PostgreSQL – UUID Data Type
• PostgreSQL – TIME Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Interval Data Type
• PostgreSQL – User-defined Data Type
• PostgreSQL – Array Data Type
• PostgreSQL – hstore Data Type
• PostgreSQL – JSON Data Type

Querying & Filtering Data

• PostgreSQL – SELECT
• PostgreSQL – SELECT DISTINCT clause
• PostgreSQL – ORDER BY clause
• PostgreSQL – WHERE clause
• PostgreSQL – LIMIT clause
• PostgreSQL – FETCH clause
• PostgreSQL – IN operator
• PostgreSQL – IS NULL operator
• PostgreSQL – LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – NOT LIKE operator
• PostgreSQL – BETWEEN operator
• PostgreSQL – HAVING clause
• PostgreSQL – GROUP BY clause

Managing Tables

• PostgreSQL – CREATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL – SELECT INTO
• PostgreSQL – Create Auto-increment Column using SERIAL
• PostgreSQL – CREATE SEQUENCE
• PostgreSQL – Identity Column
• PostgreSQL – ALTER TABLE
• PostgreSQL – Rename Table
• PostgreSQL – ADD COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – DROP COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – Change Column Type
• PostgreSQL – RENAME COLUMN
• PostgreSQL – DROP TABLE
• PostgreSQL – TRUNCATE TABLE
• PostgreSQL – Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL – Temporary table name
• PostgreSQL – Removing Temporary Table
• PostgreSQL – Copy a Table
• PostgreSQL – Comparing Tables
• PostgreSQL – Describe Table
• PostgreSQL – Show Tables
• PostgreSQL – Import CSV File Into Table

Modifying Data

• PostgreSQL – INSERT
• PostgreSQL – Insert multiple rows
• PostgreSQL – UPDATE
• PostgreSQL – DELETE
• PostgreSQL – Upsert

Conditionals

• PostgreSQL – CASE
• PostgreSQL – COALESCE
• PostgreSQL – NULLIF() Function
• PostgreSQL – CAST

Control Flow

• PostgreSQL – IF Statement
• PostgreSQL – CASE Statement
• PostgreSQL – Loop Statement
• PostgreSQL – While Loops
• PostgreSQL – For Loops
• PostgreSQL – Exit
• PostgreSQL – Continue

Transactions & Constraints

• PostgreSQL – Transactions
• PostgreSQL – COMMIT
• PostgreSQL – BEGIN
• PostgreSQL – ROLLBACK
• PostgreSQL – Primary Key
• PostgreSQL – Foreign Key
• PostgreSQL – CHECK Constraint
• PostgreSQL – UNIQUE Constraint
• PostgreSQL – NOT NULL Constraint

Working with JOINS & Schemas

• PostgreSQL – Joins
• PostgreSQL – LEFT JOIN
• PostgreSQL – INNER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – FULL OUTER JOIN
• PostgreSQL – SELF JOIN
• PostgreSQL – Schema
• PostgreSQL – CREATE SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL – DROP SCHEMA
• PostgreSQL – ALTER SCHEMA

Roles & Permissions

• PostgreSQL – CREATE ROLE
• PostgreSQL – ALTER ROLE
• PostgreSQL – DROP ROLE
• PostgreSQL – GRANT
• PostgreSQL – REVOKE
• PostgreSQL – Role Membership

Working with Sets

• PostgreSQL – UNION operator
• PostgreSQL – INTERSECT Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXCEPT Operator
• PostgreSQL – GROUPING SETS
• PostgreSQL – CUBE
• PostgreSQL – ROLLUP

Subquery & CTEs

• PostgreSQL – ANY Operator
• PostgreSQL – ALL Operator
• PostgreSQL – EXISTS Operator
• PostgreSQL – CTE
• PostgreSQL – Deleting Duplicate Rows using Subquery

User-Defined Functions

• PostgreSQL – CREATE FUNCTION Statement
• PostgreSQL – Function parameter modes
• PostgreSQL – Function Overloading
• PostgreSQL – Function that returns table
• PostgreSQL – Drop Function

Important In-Built Functions

• PostgreSQL – AVG() Function
• PostgreSQL – COUNT() Function
• PostgreSQL – MAX() Function
• PostgreSQL – MIN() Function
• PostgreSQL – SUM() Function
• PostgreSQL – FIRST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – LAST_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – NTH_VALUE Function
• PostgreSQL – ROW_NUMBER Function
• PostgreSQL – CURRENT_DATE Function
• PostgreSQL – CURRENT_TIME Function
• PostgreSQL – EXTRACT Function
• PostgreSQL- CONCAT Function
• PostgreSQL – FORMAT Function
• PostgreSQL – UPPER function
• PostgreSQL- LOWER function
• PostgreSQL – REGEXP_MATCHES Function
• PostgreSQL – REGEXP_REPLACE Function
• PostgreSQL – REPLACE Function

Visit PostgreSQL In-Built functions for more.

Advanced PostgreSQL Tutorial

In this section, you’ll learn about advanced features of PostgreSQL that can help you manage your databases more efficiently. We’ll cover topics like performance tuning, indexing strategies, and using advanced SQL functions. You’ll also explore how to handle large datasets, optimize queries, and set up replication for high availability.

PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL

• PostgreSQL – Dollar-Quoted String Constants
• PostgreSQL – Block Structure

Variables & Constants

• PostgreSQL – Variables
• PostgreSQL – Select Into
• PostgreSQL – Row type variables
• PostgreSQL – Record type variable
• PostgreSQL – Constants

Stored Procedures

• PostgreSQL – Introduction to Stored Procedures
• PostgreSQL – CREATE PROCEDURE
• PostgreSQL – Drop Procedure

Working with Triggers

• PostgreSQL – Trigger
• PostgreSQL – CREATE TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – DROP TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – ALTER TRIGGER
• PostgreSQL – Disabling a Trigger
• PostgreSQL – Enabling a Trigger

Working with Views & Indexes

• PostgreSQL – CREATE INDEX
• PostgreSQL – DROP INDEX
• PostgreSQL – List Indexes
• PostgreSQL – UNIQUE Index
• PostgreSQL – Partial Index
• PostgreSQL – Index On Expression
• PostgreSQL – REINDEX
• PostgreSQL – Multicolumn Indexes

Errors & Exception Handling

• PostgreSQL – Errors and Messages
• PostgreSQL – Exception Handling
• PostgreSQL – Assert

Difference Between PostgreSQL and MySQL

Features of PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL runs on all operating systems, Like Linux, UNIX, MAC OS and Windows and It supports text, images, sounds, and video, and includes programming interfaces for C / C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC).

PostgreSQL supports a big part of the SQL standard and provides many features mentioned below:

• Complex SQL queries
• SQL Sub-selects
• Foreign keys
• Trigger
• Views
• Transactions
• Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC)
• Streaming Replication (as of 9.0)
• Hot Standby (as of 9.0)
• Asynchronous replication
• Tablespaces

Advantages of PostgreSQL

• PostgreSQL has the feature of write-ahead logging.
• Many replication methods are supported.
• It has ability to make large-scale web applications because it is robust and powerful.
• It is easy to learn.
• According to the organization we can edit and modify it easily because PostgreSQL is available for free to its open source license.

Conclusion

In this PostgreSQL tutorial, You will learn all the essentials of working with PostgreSQL Like installation, connecting to the database, creating and managing databases, SQL basics, querying data, advanced queries and joins, indexing and optimization, transactions and concurrency control, security and user management, backup and restore, PostGIS for geospatial data, and PostgreSQL extensions. PostgreSQL provides number of features Which makes it a versatile and reliable choice for building robust database-driven applications.

PostgreSQL Tutorial – FAQs

1. How to create new Database in PostgreSQL?

There are two methods of creating a new database:

1. CREATE DATABASE (SQL command)
2. createdb (command-line executable)

2. What are the different Operators in PostgreSQL?

There are 4 different type of operators in PostgreSQL are as follow-

• Arithmetic operators
• Logic operators
• Comparison operators
• Bitwise operators

3. What are the disadvantages with PostgreSQL?

Performance wise PostgreSQL is slower than MySQL and Open source applications are less than MySQL.

4. How to delete a PostgreSQL database?

1. DROP DATABASE (SQL command)
2. dropdb (command-line)

GeeksforGeeks

Improve

Article Tags :

• Databases
• PostgreSQL
• postgreSQL