How to Split a File into a List in Python

Last Updated : 22 Jun, 2022

In this article, we are going to see how to Split a File into a List in Python.

When we want each line of the file to be listed at consecutive positions where each line becomes an element in the file, the splitlines() or rstrip() method is used to split a file into a list. Let’s see a few examples to see how it’s done.

Example 1: Using the splitlines()

The file is opened using the open() method where the first argument is the file path and the second argument is a string(mode) which can be ‘r’ ,’w’ etc.. which specifies if data is to be read from the file or written into the file. Here as we’re reading the file mode is ‘r’. the read() method reads the data from the file which is stored in the variable file_data. splitlines() method splits the data into lines and returns a list object. After printing out the list, the file is closed using the close() method.

Create a text file with the name “examplefile.txt” as shown in the below image which is used as an input.

Python3

# opening the file 
file_obj = open("examplefile.txt", "r") 
  
# reading the data from the file 
file_data = file_obj.read() 
  
# splitting the file data into lines 
lines = file_data.splitlines() 
print(lines) 
file_obj.close() 

Output:

['This is line 1,', 'This is line 2,', 'This is line 3,']

Example 2: Using the rstrip()

In this example instead of using the splitlines() method rstrip() method is used. rstrip() method removes trailing characters. the trailing character given in this example is ‘\n’ which is the newline. for loop and strip() methods are used to split the file into a list of lines. The file is closed at the end.

Python3

# opening the file 
file_obj = open("examplefile.txt", "r") 
  
# splitting the file data into lines 
lines = [[x.rstrip('\n')] for x in file_obj] 
print(lines) 
file_obj.close() 

Output:

[['This is line 1,'], ['This is line 2,'], ['This is line 3,']]

Example 3: Using split()

We can use a for loop to iterate through the contents of the data file after opening it with Python’s ‘with’ statement. After reading the data, the split() method is used to split the text into words. The split() method by default separates text using whitespace.

Python3

with open("examplefile.txt", 'r') as file_data: 
    for line in file_data: 
        data = line.split() 
        print(data) 

Output:

['This', 'is', 'line', '1,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '2,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '3,']

Example 4: Splitting a text file with a generator

A generator in Python is a special trick that can be used to generate an array. A generator, like a function, returns an array one item at a time. The yield keyword is used by generators. When Python encounters a yield statement, it saves the function’s state until the generator is called again later. The yield keyword guarantees that the state of our while loop is saved between iterations. When dealing with large files, this can be useful

Python3

# creating a generator function 
def generator_data(name): 
    # opening file 
    file = open(name, 'r') 
    while True: 
        line = file.readline() 
        if not line: 
            # closing file 
            file.close() 
            break
        # yield line 
        yield line 
  
  
data = generator_data("examplefile.txt") 
for line in data: 
    print(line.split()) 

Output:

['This', 'is', 'line', '1,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '2,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '3,']

Example 5: Using list comprehension

Python list comprehension is a beautiful way to work with lists. list comprehensions are powerful and they have shorter syntax. Furthermore, list comprehension statements are generally easier to read.

To read the text files in previous examples, we had to use a for loop. Using list comprehension, we can replace ours for loop with a single line of code.
After obtaining the data through list comprehension, the split() is used to separate the lines and append them to a new list. let’s see an example to understand.

Python3

with open("examplefile.txt", 'r') as file: 
    data = [line.strip() for line in file] 
  
print(data) 
# iterating through data 
for line in data: 
    print(line.split()) 

Output:

['This is line 1,', 'This is line 2,', 'This is line 3,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '1,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '2,']
['This', 'is', 'line', '3,']

Example 6: Splitting a single text file into multiple text files

If we have a large file and viewing all the data in a single file is difficult, we can split the data into multiple files. let’s see an example where we split file data into two files.

Python list slicing can be used to split a list. To begin, we read the file with the readlines() method. The file’s first-half/upper half is then copied to a new file called first half.txt. Within this for loop, we’ll use list slicing to write the first half of the main file to a new file.

A second loop is used to write the other part of the data into a second file. The second half of the data is contained in the second half.txt. To perform the slice, we need to use the len() method to determine the count of lines in the main file Finally, the int() method is used to convert the division result to an integer value

Python3

# opening the main file 
with open("examplefile.txt", 'r') as file: 
    data = file.readlines() 
  
# writing half of the data in one file 
with open("first_half.txt", 'w') as file1: 
    for line in data[:int(len(data)/2)]: 
        file1.write(line) 
  
# writing another half of the data in one file 
with open("second_half.txt", 'w') as file2: 
    for line in data[int(len(data)/2):]: 
        file2.write(line) 