Difference Between Token ring and Ethernet

There are two prominent local area network (LAN) technologies that are used when it comes to computer networking: Token Ring and Ethernet. Token Ring uses a token-passing to control access while it is governed by IEEE 802.5 standard; thus, devices must wait for a token before transmitting any data.

On the other hand, Ethernet utilizes Carrier-Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), which means that devices can send data any time the network is idle until a collision occurs then retransmission will occur after some random period of time has elapsed. These two systems vary significantly with respect to their data transmission methods, network topologies, and costs making them appropriate for different applications.

Token Ring 

In the token ring, a token ring passes over a physical ring. Token ring is defined by IEEE 802.5 standard. In a token ring, there is a station and a special frame called a token. A station in the token ring can transmit data frame if it contains a token. After the successful transmission of data frame tokens are pointed(issued). The token ring is a star-shaped topology and handles priority in which some nodes may give priority to the token. 

Advantages

• Predictability: Since each device gets an opportunity to pass the token, this token passing process is more predictable with no packet collisions happening at all.
• Handling of Priorities: In a token ring network, some nodes can be given priority over others making the management of important data easier.
• Routing Information: Token Ring includes routing information and it may assist in streamlining data transmission.

Disadvantages

• Expensive: Compared to Ethernet, Token Ring networks are relatively costly to set up.
• Slow Speed: Generally speaking its transmission speeds are lower than that of other types of networks with speeds ranging from four megabits per second (Mbps) to sixteen megabits per second (Mbps).
• Complexity: Compared to Ethernet, token ring technology is more complicated and hence needs intense care during its operation.

Ethernet

IEEE 802.3 defines the Ethernet. It uses CSMA/CD mechanism. It means that if many stations exist at the same time to talk, all stations will be closed. To resume them, wait for a random time. Unlike token ring it doesn’t employ any priorities. And it is less costly than token ring network. 

Advantages

• Saving Cost: Cost of token ring is much higher as compared to Ethernet. It may be up to 70% lower in cost.
• Speed: Ethernet uses faster data transmission rates compared with other methods like token ring, from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps or beyond.
• Simplicity: Setting up and maintaining an Ethernet network is simpler for users.

Disadvantages

• Collisions: In Ethernet, the fact that it is not deterministic makes it prone to collisions if two or more devices attempt transmitting simultaneously.
• No Priority Handling: The absence of a way on the part of Ethernet to sort out some devices or data means there will be problems where priority management is required.

Difference Between Token ring and Ethernet

Conclusion

Although Token Ring and Ethernet have been around for a long time, they work best in different situations. Token Ring shines in situations that require predictability and priority management but it is generally more expensive and slower than its competitors. Ethernet on the other hand, provides a faster and cheaper option that has become the mainstay for most contemporary networks especially where simplicity and low prices are preferred to sure access as well as collision handling. The decision to use either Token Ring or Ethernet would be greatly influenced by specific network needs especially performance issues, scalability concerns as well as cost issues.

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