Skip to main content

A Dynamic Approach of Eye Disease Classification Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Model

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of Data Analytics and Management

Abstract

In today’s world, machine learning and deep learning models are applied in the diagnosis of eye diseases in an automated manner. Cataract, one of the eye diseases, can be especially dangerous, increasing the risk of eye damage. Early detection of Cataract is a requirement for Cataract patients to take the same medications at the same time. We suggest the use of in-depth reading to detect the presence of eye disease. In this research, Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used for cataract detection on a dataset containing normal eye images and images of eye with cataract. Various techniques like data augmentation as a preprocessing step, label encoding, feature extraction have been applied in the research as a part of the model building process. SVM model has provided an accuracy score of 87.5% with an F1 score of 91.3% and CNN model has given 87.08% training accuracy and 85.42% validation accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Osareh A, Mirmehdi M, Thomas B, Markham R (2002) Classification and localisation of diabetic-related eye disease. In: Heyden A, Sparr G, Nielsen M, Johansen P (eds) Computer vision—ECCV 2002. ECCV 2002. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 2353. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-47979-1_34

  2. Acharya UR, Kannathal N, Ng EYK, Min LC, Suri JS (2006) Computer-based classification of eye diseases. In: 2006 international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, New York, NY, 2006, pp 6121–6124.https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260211

  3. Karegowda A, Nasiha A, Jayaram MA, Manjunath A (2011) Exudates detection in retinal images using back propagation neural network. Int J Comput Appl 25. https://doi.org/10.5120/3011-4062

  4. Kandan RP, Aruna P (2012) SVM and neural network-based diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Comput Appl 41:6–12. https://doi.org/10.5120/5503-7503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yang M, Yang J-J, Zhang Q, Niu Y, Li J (2013) Classification of retinal image for automatic cataract detection. In: IEEE international conference on e-health networking, applications & services, 2013, pp 674–679

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zheng J, Guo L, Peng L, Li J, Yang J, Liang Q (2014) Fundus image based cataract classification. In: IEEE international conference on imaging systems and techniques, pp 90–94

    Google Scholar 

  7. Salam AA, Akram MU, Wazir K, Anwar SM (2015) A review analysis on early glaucoma detection using structural features. In: 2015 IEEE international conference on imaging systems and techniques (IST), Macau, 2015, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IST.2015.7294516

  8. Guo L, Yang J-J, Peng L, Li J, Liang Q (2015) A computer-aided healthcare system for cataract classification and grading based on fundus image analysis. Comput Ind 69:72–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chen X, Xu Y, Kee Wong DW, Wong TY, Liu J (2015) Glaucoma detection based on deep convolutional neural network. In: 2015 37th annual international conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Milan, 2015, pp 715–718.https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318462

  10. Gao X, Lin S, Wong TY (2015) Automatic feature learning to grade nuclear cataracts based on deep learning. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 62(11):2693–2701. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2444389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang J-J, Li J, Shen R, Zeng Y, He J, Bi J, Li Y, Zhang Q, Peng L, Wang Q (2016) Exploiting ensemble learning for automatic cataract detection and grading. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 124:45–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Labhade JD, Chouthmol LK, Deshmukh S (2016) Diabetic retinopathy detection using soft computing techniques. In: 2016 international conference on automatic control and dynamic optimization techniques (ICACDOT), pp 175–178

    Google Scholar 

  13. Umesh M, Mrunalini MM, Shinde DS (2016) Review of image processing and machine learning techniques for eye disease detection and classification

    Google Scholar 

  14. Abbas Q (2017) Glaucoma-Deep: detection of glaucoma eye disease on retinal fundus images using deep learning. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 8. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080606

  15. Burlina PM, Joshi N, Pekala M, Pacheco KD, Freund DE, Bressler NM (2017) Automated grading of age-related macular degeneration from color fundus images using deep convolutional neural networks. JAMA Ophthalmol 135(11):1170–1176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Xiong L, Li H, Xu L (2017) An approach to evaluate blurriness in retinal images with vitreous opacity for cataract diagnosis. J Healthc Eng 2017:Article ID: 5645498

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang L et al (2017) Automatic cataract detection and grading using Deep Convolutional Neural Network. In: 2017 IEEE 14th international conference on networking, sensing and control (ICNSC), Calabria, 2017, pp 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSC.2017.8000068

  18. Qiao Z, Zhang Q, Dong Y, Yang J-J (2017) Application of SVM based on genetic algorithm in classification of cataract fundus images. In: IEEE international conference on imaging systems and techniques, pp 1–5

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jain L, Murthy HVS, Patel C, Bansal D (2018) Retinal eye disease detection using deep learning. In: 2018 fourteenth international conference on information processing (ICINPRO), Bangalore, India, 2018, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICINPRO43533.2018.9096838

  20. Alzubi OA, Alzubi JA, Tedmori S, Rashaideh H, Almomani O (2018) Consensus-based combining method for classifier ensembles. Int Arab J Inf Technol 15(1)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jain DK, Jacob S, Alzubi J, Menon V (2019) An efficient and adaptable multimedia system for converting PAL to VGA in real-time video processing. J Real-Time Image Process. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-019-00889-4

  22. Ganguly B, Biswas S, Ghosh S, Maiti S, Bodhak S (2019) A deep learning framework for eye melanoma detection employing convolutional neural network. In: 2019 international conference on computer, electrical & communication engineering (ICCECE). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccece44727.2019.9001858

  23. Gheisari M, Panwar D, Tomar P, Harsh H, Zhang X, Solanki A, Nayyar A, Alzubi JA (2019) An optimization model for software quality prediction with case study analysis using MATLAB. IEEE Access 7

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yusuf M, Theophilous S, Adejoke J, Hassan AB (2019) Web-based cataract detection system using deep convolutional neural network. In: 2019 2nd international conference of the IEEE Nigeria computer chapter (NigeriaComputConf), Zaria, Nigeria, 2019, pp 1–7.https://doi.org/10.1109/NigeriaComputConf45974.2019.8949636

  25. Zaheer N, Shehzaad A, Gilani SO, Aslam J, Zaidi SA (2019) Automated classification of retinal diseases in STARE database using neural network approach. In: 2019 IEEE Canadian conference of electrical and computer engineering (CCECE), Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2019, pp 1–5.https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2019.8861588

  26. Prasad K, Sajith PS, Neema M, Madhu L, Priya PN (2019) Multiple eye disease detection using Deep Neural Network. In: TENCON 2019—2019 IEEE Region 10 conference (TENCON). https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2019.8929666

  27. Pratap T, Kokil P (2019) Computer-aided diagnosis of cataract using deep transfer learning. Biomed Signal Process Control 53:101533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2019.04.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Qummar et al (2019) A deep learning ensemble approach for diabetic retinopathy detection. IEEE Access 7:150530–150539. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2947484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li Y-H, Yeh N-N, Chen S-J, Chung Y-C (2019) Computer-assisted diagnosis for diabetic retinopathy based on fundus images using deep convolutional neural network. Mob Inf Syst 2019:Article ID 6142839, 14 pp. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6142839

  30. Movassagh AA, Alzubi JA, Gheisari M, Rahimi M, Mohan SK, Abbasi AA, Nabipour N (2020) Artificial neural networks training algorithm integrating invasive weed optimization with differential evolutionary model. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02623-6

  31. Bhandari AA (2020) Eye disease detection using RESNET. Int Res J Eng Technol (IRJET) 07

    Google Scholar 

  32. Gadekallu TR, Khare N, Bhattacharya S, Singh S, Maddikunta PKR, Ra I-H, Alazab M (2020) Early detection of diabetic retinopathy using PCA-firefly based deep learning model. Electronics 9:274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Alzubi JA, Jain R, Nagrath P, Satapathy S, Taneja S, Gupta P (2020) Deep image captioning using an ensemble of CNN and LSTM based deep neural networks. J Intell Fuzzy Syst. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-189415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Nazir T, Irtaza A, Javed A, Malik H, Hussain D, Naqvi RA (2020) Retinal image analysis for diabetes-based eye disease detection using deep learning. Appl Sci 10:6185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Alzubi OA, Alzubi JA, Alweshah M, Qiqieh I, Al-Shami S, Ramachandran M (2020) An optimal pruning algorithm of classifier ensembles: dynamic programming approach. Neural Comput Appl

    Google Scholar 

  36. Alzubi JA (2021) Blockchain-based Lamport Merkle digital signature: authentication tool in IoT healthcare. Comput Commun 170:200–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Source of dataset. https://www.kaggle.com/jr2ngb/cataractdataset

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Pahuja, R., Sisodia, U., Tiwari, A., Sharma, S., Nagrath, P. (2022). A Dynamic Approach of Eye Disease Classification Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Model. In: Gupta, D., Polkowski, Z., Khanna, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Castillo, O. (eds) Proceedings of Data Analytics and Management. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, vol 90. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6289-8_59

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics