Abstract
Additive codes have gained importance in algebraic coding theory due to their applications in quantum error correction and quantum computing. The article begins by developing some properties of Additive Complementary Dual (ACD) codes with respect to arbitrary dualities over finite abelian groups. Further, we introduce a subclass of non-symmetric dualities referred to as the skew-symmetric dualities. Then, we precisely count symmetric and skew-symmetric dualities over finite fields. Two conditions have been obtained: one is a necessary and sufficient condition, and the other is a necessary condition. The necessary and sufficient condition is for an additive code to be an ACD code over arbitrary dualities. The necessary condition is on a generator matrix of an ACD code over skew-symmetric dualities. We provide bounds for the highest possible minimum distance of ACD codes over skew-symmetric dualities. Finally, we find some new quaternary ACD codes over non-symmetric dualities with better parameters than the symmetric ones.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrawal, A.: (2023). Available: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FsLaVkt8K4k1uQuwVEt5i5iYEqPaIPUj/view?usp=sharing. Accessed 19 Oct 2023
Bierbrauer, J.: Introduction to Coding Theory 2nd (ed.). Chapman and Hall/CRC. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315371993
Bierbrauer, J., Edel, Y., Faina, G., Marcugini, S., Pambianco, F.: Short additive quaternary codes. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 55, 952–954 (2009). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9975274
Bosma, W., Cannon, J., Playoust, C.: The Magma algebra system. I. The user language. J. Symbolic Comput., 24(3-4), 235–265. Computational algebra and number theory (London, 1993) (1997). https://doi.org/10.1006/jsco.1996.0125
Calderbank, A., Rains, E., Shor, P., Sloane, N.: Quantum error correction via codes over GF(4). IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44(4), 1369–1387 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/18.681315
Delsarte, P.: An algebraic approach to the association schemes of coding theory. Philips Res. Rep. Suppl., 10:vi+97 (1973). https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1570291225098257152
Delsarte, P., Levenshtein, V.I.: Association schemes and coding theory. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 44(6), 2477–2504 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1109/18.720545
Dougherty, S.T.: Algebraic coding theory over finite commutative rings. SpringerBriefs in Mathematics. Springer, Cham, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59806-2
Dougherty, S.T.: Dualities for codes over finite Abelian groups. Adv. Math. Commun. (2023). https://doi.org/10.3934/amc.2023023
Dougherty, S.T., Şahinkaya, S., Ustun, D.: Additive complementary dual codes from group characters. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 68(7), 4444–4452 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2022.3162181
Dougherty, S.T., Fernández-Córdoba, C.: Additive \(G\)-codes over \(\mathbb{F}_{q}\) and their dualities. Finite Fields Appl. 72(101821), 21 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ffa.2021.101821
Dougherty, S.T., Korban, A., Şahinkaya, S.: Self-dual additive codes. Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput. 33(5), 569–586 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00200-020-00473-5
Dougherty, S.T., Myers, S.: Orthogonality from group characters. Involve 14(4), 555–570 (2021). https://doi.org/10.2140/involve.2021.14.555
Ezerman, M.F., Ling, S., Sole, P.: Additive Asymmetric Quantum codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 57(8), 5536–5550 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2011.2159040
Harada, M.: New quantum codes constructed from some self-dual additive \(\mathbb{F} _{4}\)-codes. Inform. Process. Lett. 138, 35–38 (2018). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020019018301157
Jones, O.: On the geometry of varieties of invertible symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Pacific J. Math. 180(1), 89–100 (1997). https://doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1997.180.89
Lu, L., Zhan, X., Yang, S., Cao, H.: Optimal Quaternary Hermitian LCD codes (2020). arXiv:2010.10166
Massey, J.L.: Linear codes with complementary duals. Discret. Math. 106–107, 337–342 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(92)90563-U
Nguyen, D.M., Kim, S.: Quantum stabilizer codes construction from Hermitian self-orthogonal codes over GF(4). Journal of Communications and Networks 20(3), 309–315 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JCN.2018.000043
Stanley, R., Fomin, S.: Enumerative Combinatorics: Volume 2. Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, (1999). https://books.google.co.in/books?id=cWEhAwAAQBAJ
Acknowledgements
The first author is supported by UGC, New Delhi, Govt. of India under grant DEC18-417932. The second author is ConsenSys Blockchain chair professor. He thanks ConsenSys AG for that privilege. The authors thank the editor and reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions which have greatly improved the presentation of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed equally to this work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Agrawal, A., Sharma, R.K. ACD codes over skew-symmetric dualities. Cryptogr. Commun. 16, 1013–1032 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-024-00709-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-024-00709-y