Abstract
Vehicle drivability and maneuverability can be improved by increasing the environment awareness via sensory inputs. In particular, off-road capable vehicles possess subsystems which are configurable to the driving conditions. In this work, a vision solution is explored as a precursor to autonomous toggling between different operating modes. The emphasis is on selecting an appropriate response to transitions from one terrain type to another. Given a forward facing camera, images are partitioned into pixel subsets known as superpixels in order to be classified. The quality of this semantic segmentation is considered for classes such as {grass, tree, sky, tarmac, dirt, gravel, shrubs}. Colour and texture are combined together to form visual cues and address this image recognition problem with good segmentation results.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achanta, R., Shaji, A., Smith, K., Lucchi, A., Fua, P. & Susstrunk, S. 2012, "SLIC superpixels compared to state-of-the-art superpixel methods", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2274-2282.
Ahonen, T., Hadid, A. & Pietikäinen, M. 2004, "Face recognition with local binary patterns" in Computer vision-eccv 2004 Springer, pp. 469-481.
Alvarez, J.M., LeCun, Y., Gevers, T. & Lopez, A.M. 2012, "Semantic road segmentation via multi-scale ensembles of learned features", Computer Vision–ECCV 2012. Workshops and Demonstrations Springer, pp. 586.
Angelova, A., Matthies, L., Helmick, D.M. & Perona, P. 2007, "Fast Terrain Classification Using Variable-Length Representation for Autonomous Navigation", CVPR.
Badino, H., Huber, D. & Kanade, T. 2011, "Integrating LIDAR into Stereo for Fast and Improved Disparity Computation", 3D Imaging, Modeling, Processing, Visualization and Transmission (3DIMPVT), 2011 International Conference on, pp. 405.
Beucher, S. & Yu, X. 1994, "Road recognition in complex traffic situations", Proc. 7th IFAC/IFORS Symp. Transp. Syst.: Theory Appl. Adv. Technol., pp. 413-418.
Fernandez-Maloigne, C. & Bonnet, W. 1995, "Texture and neural network for road segmentation", in Proc. Intell. Veh. Symp., pp. 344–349.
Geronimo, D., Lopez, A.M., Sappa, A.D. & Graf, T. 2010, "Survey of pedestrian detection for advanced driver assistance systems", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1239-1258.
Gheorghe, I., Li, W., Popham, T., Gaszczak, A. & Burnham, K. 2014, "Key Learning Features as Means for Terrain Classification" in , eds. A. Grzech, & J.M. Tomczak, Springer International Publishing, pp. 273-282.
Hu, Y. & Zhao, C. 2010, "A local binary pattern based methods for pavement crack detection", Journal of pattern Recognition research, vol. 1, no. 20103, pp. 140-147.
Ibrahim, M.S. & El-Saban, M. 2011, "Higher order potentials with superpixel neighbourhood (HSN) for semantic image segmentation", Image Processing (ICIP), 2011 18th IEEE International Conference on IEEE, pp. 2881.
Jansen, P., van der Mark, W., van den Heuvel, J.C. & Groen, F.C.A. 2005, "Colour based off-road environment and terrain type classification", Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005. Proceedings. 2005 IEEE, pp. 216.
Jiejie, Z., Liang, W., Ruigang, Y. & Davis, J. 2008, "Fusion of time-of-flight depth and stereo for high accuracy depth maps", Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008. CVPR 2008. IEEE Conference on, pp. 1.
Kertész, C. 2011, "Texture-Based Foreground Detection.", International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing & Pattern Recognition, vol. 4, no. 4.
Khan, Y.N. 2013, "Visual Terrain Classification for Outdoor Mobile Robots".
Khan, Y.N., Komma, P., Bohlmann, K. & Zell, A. 2011, "Grid-based visual terrain classification for outdoor robots using local features", Computational Intelligence in Vehicles and Transportation Systems (CIVTS), 2011 IEEE Symposium on IEEE, pp. 16.
Manduchi, R., Castano, A., Talukder, A. & Matthies, L. 2005, "Obstacle detection and terrain classification for autonomous off-road navigation", Autonomous Robots, vol. 18, pp. 81-102.
Micusik, B. & Kosecka, J. 2009, "Semantic segmentation of street scenes by superpixel co-occurrence and 3d geometry", Computer Vision Workshops (ICCV Workshops), 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on IEEE, pp. 625.
Müller, A.C. & Behnke, S. 2013, "Learning a Loopy Model For Semantic Segmentation Exactly".
Ojala, T., Pietikainen, M. & Maenpaa, T. 2002, "Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 971-987.
Shan, C., Gong, S. & McOwan, P.W. 2009, "Facial Expression Recognition Based on Local Binary Patterns: A Comprehensive Study", Image Vision Comput., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 803-816.
Tang, I. & Breckon, T.P. 2011, "Automatic Road Environment Classification", Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 476-484.
Tola, E., Lepetit, V. & Fua, P. 2010, "Daisy: An efficient dense descriptor applied to wide-baseline stereo", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 815-830.
Velardo, C. & Dugelay, J. 2010, "Face recognition with DAISY descriptors", Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security ACM, pp. 95.
Wang, X., Han, T.X. & Yan, S. 2009, "An HOG-LBP human detector with partial occlusion handling", Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on IEEE, pp. 32.
Zhang, C., Wang, L. & Yang, R. 2010, "Semantic segmentation of urban scenes using dense depth maps" in Computer Vision–ECCV 2010 Springer, pp. 708-721.
Zolynski, G., Braun, T. & Berns, K. 2008, "Local binary pattern based texture analysis in real time using a graphics processing unit", VDIBERICHT, vol. 2012, pp. 321.
Acknowledgements
This work has been funded by the EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) in collaboration with Jaguar Land Rover.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Gheorghe, I., Li, W., Popham, T., Burnham, K.J. (2015). Superpixel based semantic segmentation for assistance in varying terrain driving conditions. In: Selvaraj, H., Zydek, D., Chmaj, G. (eds) Progress in Systems Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 366. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08422-0_98
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08422-0_98
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08421-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08422-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)