-- Get the top-3 busiest train stations
SELECT
    station_name,
    count(*) AS num_services
FROM train_services
GROUP BY ALL
ORDER BY num_services DESC
LIMIT 3;

-- Load CSV file to a table. DuckDB auto-detects
-- the CSV's format, column name and types
CREATE TABLE stations AS
    FROM 's3://duckdb-blobs/stations.csv';

-- Directly query Parquet file in S3
SELECT
    station_name,
    count(*) AS num_services
FROM 's3://duckdb-blobs/train_services.parquet'
GROUP BY ALL
ORDER BY num_services DESC
LIMIT 10;

-- Find the top-3 longest domestic train routes
SELECT s1.name_short, s2.name_short, d.distance
FROM distances d
JOIN stations s1 ON d.station1 = s1.code
JOIN stations s2 ON d.station2 = s2.code
WHERE s1.country = s2.country
  AND s1.code < s2.code
ORDER BY distance DESC
LIMIT 3;

-- List the closest IC stations (as the crow flies)
SELECT
    s1.name_long AS station1,
    s2.name_long AS station2,
    ST_Distance(
        ST_Point(s1.geo_lng, s1.geo_lat),
        ST_Point(s2.geo_lng, s2.geo_lat)
    ) * 111_139 AS distance
FROM stations s1, stations s2
WHERE s1.type LIKE '%Intercity%'
  AND s2.type LIKE '%Intercity%'
  AND s1.id < s2.id
ORDER BY distance ASC
LIMIT 3;

# Get the top-3 busiest train stations
import duckdb
duckdb.sql("""
    SELECT station, count(*) AS num_services
    FROM train_services
    GROUP BY ALL
    ORDER BY num_services DESC
    LIMIT 3;
    """)

# Reading and writing Pandas dataframes
import pandas as pd
import duckdb

df_in = pd.DataFrame({
    'station': ['Delft', 'Delft', 'Gouda', 'Gouda'],
    'day': ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Mon', 'Tue'],
    'num_services' : [22, 20, 27, 25]})

# Run query on a dataframe and return a dataframe
df_out = duckdb.sql("""
    SELECT station, sum(num_services)
    FROM df_in
    GROUP BY station
    """).to_df()

# Create custom user-defined function
import duckdb

def plus_one(x):
    return x + 1

con = duckdb.connect()
con.create_function('plus_one', plus_one,
    ['BIGINT'], 'BIGINT', type='native')

con.sql("""
    SELECT sum(plus_one(i)) FROM range(10) tbl(i);
    """)

# Find the largest sepals/petals in the Iris data set
library(duckdb)

con <- dbConnect(duckdb())
duckdb_register(con, "iris", iris)

query <- r'(
    SELECT count(*) AS num_observations,
    max("Sepal.Width") AS max_width,
    max("Petal.Length") AS max_petal_length
    FROM iris
    WHERE "Sepal.Length" > 5
    GROUP BY ALL
    )'

dbGetQuery(con, query)

# Find the largest sepals/petals in the Iris data set
# using duckplyr
library("duckplyr")

iris |>
    filter(Sepal.Length > 5) |>
    group_by(Species) |>
    summarize(
        num_observations = n(),
        max_width = max(Sepal.Width),
        max_petal_length = max(Petal.Length),
        na.rm = TRUE) |>
    collect()

# Find the largest sepals/petals in the Iris data set
# using dplyr
library("duckdb")
library("dplyr")

con <- dbConnect(duckdb())
duckdb_register(con, "iris", iris)
tbl(con, "iris") |>
    filter(Sepal.Length > 5) |>
    group_by(Species) |>
    summarize(
        num_observations = count(),
        max_width = max(Sepal.Width),
        max_petal_length = max(Petal.Length),
        na.rm = TRUE) |>
    collect()

// Get a list of train stations by traffic
Connection conn =
    DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:duckdb:");
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery(
    "SELECT station_name,\n" +
    "       count(*) AS num_services\n" +
    "FROM train_services\n" +
    "GROUP BY ALL\n" +
    "ORDER BY num_services DESC;");

System.out.println(rs.next());

// Perform bulk inserts using the Appender API
DuckDBConnection conn = (DuckDBConnection)
    DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:duckdb:");
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
st.execute("CREATE TABLE person " +
    "(name VARCHAR, age INT)");

var appender = conn.createAppender(
    DuckDBConnection.DEFAULT_SCHEMA, "person");

appender.beginRow();
appender.append("MC Ducky");
appender.append(49);
appender.endRow();
appender.close();

// Get the top-3 busiest train stations in May
import { DuckDBInstance } from '@duckdb/node-api';
const instance = await DuckDBInstance.create();
const connection = await instance.connect();
const reader = await connection.runAndReadAll(
  `SELECT station_name, count(*) AS num_services
   FROM
   'http://blobs.duckdb.org/train_services.parquet'
   WHERE monthname(date) = 'May'
   GROUP BY ALL
   ORDER BY num_services DESC
   LIMIT 3;`
);
console.table(reader.getRows());

// Web Service Integration:
// Create endpoint to generate numbers
import express from "express";
import { DuckDBInstance } from '@duckdb/node-api';
const app = express();
const instance = await DuckDBInstance.create();
const connection = await instance.connect();
app.get("/getnumbers", async (req, res) => {
  const reader = await connection.runAndReadAll(
    "SELECT random() AS num FROM range(10)");
  res.end(JSON.stringify(reader.getRows()));
});

app.listen(8082, () => console.log(
  "Go to: http://localhost:8082/getnumbers"));